Menene Ubiquitin kuma me yasa yake da mahimmanci?

Wadatacce

• Kwayoyin Eukaryotic
• Me ubiquitin yakeyi?
• Me yasa ubiquitin yake da mahimmanci?
• Shin ana iya amfani da ubiquitin don magance wasu yanayi?
• Takeaway

Ubiquitin wani karami ne, 76-amino acid, furotin mai sarrafawa wanda aka gano a shekarar 1975. Yana nan a dukkan kwayoyin eukaryotic, yana jagorantar motsin mahimman sunadarai a cikin kwayar, yana shiga cikin kiran sabbin sunadarai da lalata kwayoyi masu illa.

Kwayoyin Eukaryotic

An samo shi a cikin dukkanin ƙwayoyin eukaryotic tare da jerin amino acid iri ɗaya, ubiquitin ya kusan canzawa ta hanyar juyin halitta. Kwayoyin Eukaryotic, akasin ƙwayoyin prokaryotic, suna da rikitarwa kuma suna ƙunshe da tsakiya da sauran yankuna na aikin musamman, waɗanda membran suka rabu.

Kwayoyin Eukaryotic sune shuke-shuke, fungi, da dabbobi, yayin da kwayar prokaryotic ke samarda kwayoyin halitta masu sauki kamar kwayoyin cuta.

Me ubiquitin yakeyi?

Kwayoyin dake jikinku suna ginawa kuma suna lalata sunadarai cikin sauri. Ubiquitin yana raɗawa ga sunadarai, yi masu alama don zubar dashi. Wannan tsari shi ake kira ubiquitination.

Ana ɗaukar tagwayen sunadarai zuwa proteasomes don a hallaka su. Kamin kafin furotin ya shiga cikin proteasome, ubiquitin yana cire haɗin don sake amfani dashi.

A shekara ta 2004, an ba da kyautar Nobel a Chemistry ga Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, da Irwin Rose don gano wannan aikin, wanda ake kira lalata lalata a tsakanin ubiquitin (proteolysis).

Me yasa ubiquitin yake da mahimmanci?

Dangane da aikinta, an yi nazarin ubiquitin don rawa a cikin maƙasudin maganin magance cutar kansa.

Doctors suna mai da hankali kan takamaiman ɓarna a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa wanda ke ba su damar rayuwa. Manufar ita ce amfani da ubiquitin don sarrafa furotin a cikin ƙwayoyin kansa don haifar da kwayar cutar kansa ta mutu.

Nazarin ubiquitin ya haifar da ci gaban masu hana yaduwar cuta guda uku wadanda Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA) ta amince da su don kula da mutane da myeloma mai yawa, wani nau'i na cutar kansa:

• bortezomib (Velcade)
• carfilzomib (Kyprolis)
• ixazomib (Ninlaro)

Shin ana iya amfani da ubiquitin don magance wasu yanayi?

A cewar Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa, masu bincike suna nazarin ubiquitin dangane da ilimin lissafi na yau da kullun, cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, cutar kansa, da sauran rikice-rikice. Suna mai da hankali kan fannoni da yawa na ubiquitin, gami da:

• Daidaita rayuwa da mutuwar kwayoyin cutar kansa
• dangantakar shi da damuwa
• rawar da yake takawa a mitochondria da kuma tasirin cutar

Yawancin karatun da suka gabata sun bincika amfani da ubiquitin a cikin maganin salula:

• Wani shawarar da aka bayar ya nuna cewa ubiquitin yana da hannu a cikin wasu hanyoyin salula, kamar kunna matsalar nukiliya -BB (NF-κB) da kuma gyara lalacewar DNA.
• An ba da shawara cewa rashin aiki na tsarin ubiquitin na iya haifar da cututtukan neurodegenerative da sauran cututtukan mutane. Wannan binciken ya kuma nuna cewa tsarin ubiquitin yana da hannu a ci gaba da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da na rashin ƙarfi, irin su cututtukan zuciya da psoriasis.
• A ya nuna cewa ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa, gami da mura A (IAV), sun kafa kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar ɗaukar ko'ina.

Koyaya, saboda bambancin yanayinsa da rikitarwa, hanyoyin da ke tattare da ayyukan ilimin lissafi da ƙwarewa na tsarin ubiquitin har yanzu basu gama fahimta ba.

Takeaway

Ubiquitin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita furotin akan matakin salula. Doctors sun yi imanin cewa yana da damar samun dama ga nau'ikan maganin maganin salula.

Nazarin ubiquitin ya riga ya haifar da haɓaka magunguna don maganin myeloma mai yawa, wani nau'i na cutar kansa. Wadannan magunguna sun hada da bortezomib (Velcade), carfilzomib (Kyprolis), da ixazomib (Ninlaro).