Ganin hangen nesa

Wadatacce

• Menene binciken hangen nesa?
• Me ake amfani da shi?
• Me yasa nake bukatar binciken hangen nesa?
• Menene ya faru yayin binciken hangen nesa?
• Shin zan buƙaci yin komai don shirya don hangen nesa?
• Shin akwai haɗari ga yin gwaji?
• Menene sakamakon yake nufi?
• Shin akwai wani abin da ya kamata in sani game da binciken hangen nesa?
• Bayani

Menene binciken hangen nesa?

Gwajin hangen nesa, wanda kuma ake kira gwajin ido, wani ɗan gajeren gwaji ne wanda ke neman matsalolin hangen nesa da cututtukan ido. Ana yin binciken hangen nesa daga masu ba da kulawa na farko a matsayin ɓangare na duba yara na yau da kullun. Wani lokaci ana ba da yara nunawa daga masu jinya na makaranta.

Ba a saba amfani da hangen nesa ba tantance asali matsalolin hangen nesa. Idan aka sami matsala kan binciken hangen nesa, mai ba ka ko mai ba da yaronka zai tura ka zuwa ƙwararren masanin ido don ganewar asali da magani. Wannan kwararren zaiyi gwajin ido sosai. Yawancin matsalolin hangen nesa da rikice-rikice za a iya magance su cikin nasara tare da tabarau na gyara, ƙaramin tiyata, ko wasu hanyoyin kwantar da hankali.

Sauran sunaye: gwajin ido, gwajin gani

Me ake amfani da shi?

Ana amfani da aikin duba gani sosai don bincika matsalolin hangen nesa a cikin yara. Cutar cututtukan ido mafi yawa a cikin yara sun haɗa da:

• Amblyopia, kuma aka sani da lazy ido. Yaran da ke da cutar amblyopia suna da ƙyalli ko rage gani a ido ɗaya.
• Strabismus, wanda aka fi sani da idanun idanu. A cikin wannan rikicewar, idanu ba sa layi daidai kuma suna nunawa a cikin kwatance daban-daban.

Duk waɗannan rikice-rikice za a iya magance su sauƙin lokacin da aka samo su da wuri.

Ana amfani da aikin duba hangen nesa don taimakawa gano matsalolin hangen nesa masu zuwa, waɗanda suka shafi yara da manya:

• Dubawa (myopia), yanayin da ke sa abubuwa masu nisa su zama marasa haske
• Neman hangen nesa (hyperopia), yanayin da ke sa abubuwan kusa su zama marasa haske
• Astigmatism, yanayin da yake sanya duk abubuwan kusa-da-nesa da abubuwan da suke nesa su zama marasa haske

Me yasa nake bukatar binciken hangen nesa?

Hangen nesa na yau da kullun nunawa ba'a bada shawara ga mafi yawan manya masu lafiya. Amma galibin manya suna kwadaitar da samun ido jarrabawa daga likitan kula da ido akai-akai. Idan kuna da tambayoyi game da lokacin da zaku sami gwajin ido, yi magana da mai ba ku kulawa na farko.

Yara ya kamata a duba su akai-akai. Cibiyar Nazarin Ophthalmology ta Amurka da Kwalejin Ilimin Yara na Amurka (AAP) sun ba da shawarar jadawalin binciken hangen nesa mai zuwa:

• Yaran haihuwa. Yakamata a binciki dukkan sabbin jariran da suka kamu da cutar ido ko wasu matsaloli.
• Wata 6. Ya kamata a duba idanuwa da hangen nesa yayin ziyarar jarirai na yau da kullun.
• 1-4 shekaru. Ya kamata a duba idanu da gani yayin ziyarar yau da kullun.
• Shekaru 5 da haihuwa. Ya kamata a duba idanu da gani kowace shekara.

Wataƙila kuna buƙatar yiwa ɗanku gwaji idan yana da alamun rashin lafiyar ido. Ga jarirai watanni uku ko mazan da suka gabata, alamun cutar sun haɗa da:

• Rashin samun damar hada ido da ido
• Idanuwan da ba su daidaita daidai ba

Ga yara tsofaffi, alamun bayyanar sun haɗa da:

• Idanun da ba su yi kyau ba sahu
• Tsugunnawa
• Rufewa ko rufe ido ɗaya
• Matsalar karatu da / ko yin aiki kusa
• Gunaguni cewa abubuwa suna blurry
• Haskakawa fiye da yadda aka saba
• Idanun ruwa
• Laurewar idanu
• Redness a cikin ido ɗaya ko duka biyu
• Sensitivity zuwa haske

Idan kai baligi ne wanda ke da matsalar gani ko wasu alamun ido, da alama za a tura ka zuwa ga kwararren kula da ido don cikakken gwajin ido.

Menene ya faru yayin binciken hangen nesa?

Akwai nau'ikan gwajin gwaji na gani. Sun hada da:

• Ganin hangen nesa Ana yawan gwada yara da suka isa makaranta tare da jadawalin bango. Shafin yana da layuka da yawa na haruffa. Haruffa a kan layi na sama sune mafi girma. Haruffa a kasa sune mafi karami. Kai ko ɗanka za ka tsaya ko ka zauna ƙafa 20 daga jadawalin. Za a umarce shi ko ita su rufe ido ɗaya kuma su karanta haruffa, jere ɗaya a lokaci guda. Kowane ido ana gwada shi daban.
• Gwajin hangen nesa don yara kanana. Ga yara da basu isa suyi karatu ba, wannan gwajin yana amfani da jadawalin bango kwatankwacin wanda ya dace da yara da manya. Amma maimakon layuka na haruffa daban-daban, kawai yana da harafin E a wurare daban-daban. Za a umarci ɗanka ya nuna a hanya ɗaya da ta E. Wasu daga waɗannan zane-zane suna amfani da harafin C, ko amfani da hotuna, a maimakon haka.
• Rufewar hangen nesa Don wannan gwajin, kai ko yaro za a ba ku ƙaramin kati tare da rubutaccen rubutu. Layin rubutu suna karami yayin da kake kara nisa da katin. Za a umarce ku ko yaranku su riƙe katin kusan inci 14 daga fuska, kuma ku karanta a fili. Ana gwada idanun duka a lokaci guda. Ana ba da wannan gwajin ga manya sama da shekaru 40, saboda hangen nesa na daɗa taɓarɓarewa yayin da kuka tsufa.
• Makantar launi gwaji. Ana ba yara katin tare da lambobi masu launi ko alamomin da aka ɓoye a bayan bayanan dige masu launuka iri-iri. Idan za su iya karanta lambobi ko alamomin, yana nufin wataƙila ba su da makauniyar launi.

Idan jariri yana samun hangen nesa, mai ba da sabis zai bincika:

• Ikon jaririnku na bin abu, kamar abin wasa, da idanunsa
• Ta yaya ɗalibansa (ɗakunan tsakiyar ido) ke amsawa ga haske mai haske
• Don ganin idan jaririnka yayi haske lokacin da aka haskaka haske a cikin ido

Shin zan buƙaci yin komai don shirya don hangen nesa?

Idan ku ko yaranku suna sanya tabarau ko ruwan tabarau na tuntuɓi, ku zo da su tare da ku zuwa wurin bincike. Mai ba da sabis ɗinku na iya son bincika takardar sayan magani.

Shin akwai haɗari ga yin gwaji?

Babu haɗari ga binciken hangen nesa.

Menene sakamakon yake nufi?

Idan binciken hangen nesan ka ya nuna matsalar hangen nesa ko matsalar ido, za a tura ka ga kwararren kula da ido don karin gwajin ido da magani. Yawancin matsalolin hangen nesa da cututtukan ido ana iya magance su cikin sauƙi, musamman idan aka samo su da wuri.

Shin akwai wani abin da ya kamata in sani game da binciken hangen nesa?

Akwai kwararrun likitocin kula da ido. Mafi yawan nau'ikan sun hada da:

• Likitan ido: Likitan likita ne wanda ya kware a lafiyar ido da kuma magancewa da hana kamuwa da cutar ido. Likitocin ido sun ba da cikakkun gwaje-gwajen ido, sun tsara tabarau masu gyara, bincikowa da magance cututtukan ido, da yin tiyatar ido.
• Likitan ido: Kwararren masanin kiwon lafiya wanda ya kware a matsalolin hangen nesa da cututtukan ido. Likitocin ido suna samarda ayyuka iri daya kamar likitocin ido, gami da yin gwajin ido, rubuta maganin tabarau na gyarawa, da magance wasu cututtukan ido. Don ƙarin rikitarwa na ido ko tiyata, kuna buƙatar ganin likitan ido.
• Likitan ido: Kwararren ƙwararren masani wanda ya cika takardun magani don ruwan tabarau mai gyara. Likitocin gani sun shirya, sun hada, sun dace da tabarau. Yawancin masu gani da ido suma suna ba da tabarau na tuntuba.

Bayani

1. Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya ta Amurka [Intanet]. San Francisco: Cibiyar Nazarin Ido na Amurka; c2018. Gano hangen nesa: Misalan Shirye-shirye; 2015 Nuwamba 10 [wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.aao.org/disease-review/vision-screening-program-models
2. Cibiyar Nazarin Ido na Amurka [Intanet]. San Francisco: Cibiyar Nazarin Ido na Amurka; c2018. Menene likitan ido ?; 2013 Nuwamba 3 [wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/what-is-ophthalmologist
3. Americanungiyar (asar Amirka game da cututtukan cututtukan yara da Strabismus [Intanet]. San Francisco: AAPOS; c2018. Amblyopia [sabunta 2017 Mar; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 5]. Akwai daga: https://www.aapos.org/terms/condition/21
4. Americanungiyar (asar Amirka game da cututtukan cututtukan yara da Strabismus [Intanet]. San Francisco: AAPOS; c2018. Strabismus [sabunta 2018 Feb 12; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 5]. Akwai daga: https://www.aapos.org/terms/condition/100
5. Americanungiyar (asar Amirka game da cututtukan cututtukan yara da Strabismus [Intanet]. San Francisco: AAPOS; c2018. Ganin hangen nesa [sabunta 2016 Aug; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 5]. Akwai daga: https://www.aapos.org/terms/condition/107
6. Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka [Intanet]. Atlanta: AmurkaMa'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Takaddun Shafin Gaskiya na CDC: Gaskiya Game da Rushewar Gani [wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/VisionLossFactSheet.pdf
7. Cibiyoyin Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka [Intanet]. Atlanta: Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Kula da Lafiya Ganinka [sabunta 2018 Jul 26; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.cdc.gov/features/healthyvision
8. Healthfinder.gov. [Intanet]. Washington DC: Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiya ta Amurka da Ayyukan Dan Adam; Gwaji Idanun Ku Gyara [updated 2018 Oct 5; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/Category/doctor-visits/screening-tests/get-your-eyes-tested#the-basics_5
9. HealthyChildren.org [Intanit]. Itaska (IL): Kwalejin Ilimin Yammacin Amurka; c2018. Gano hangen nesa [sabunta 2016 Yuli 19; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/condition/eyes/Pages/Vision-Screenings.aspx
10. HealthyChildren.org [Intanit]. Itaska (IL): Kwalejin Ilimin Yammacin Amurka; c2018. Alamomin Gargadi na Matsalar hangen nesa a jarirai da Yara [an sabunta 2016 Yuli 19; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/condition/eyes/Pages/Warning-Signs-of-Vison-Problems-in-Children.aspx
11. Sadarwar JAMA [Intanet]. Medicalungiyar Likitocin Amurka; c2018. Nunawa don Rashin Visarancin Kayayyakin Kayayyaki a cikin Manyan Manya: Jawabin Shawarwarin Tasungiyar Preungiyar Ayyukan Rigakafin Amurka; 2016 Mar 1 [wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2497913
12. Johns Hopkins Medicine [Intanet]. Johns Hopkins Maganin; Laburaren Kiwon Lafiya: Hangen nesa, Jin Magana da Bayani [wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/pediatrics/vision_hearing_and_speech_overview_85,p09510
13. Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center [Intanet]. Rochester (NY): Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center; c2018. Encyclopedia na Lafiya: Nau'in Gwajin Gano Kayayyakin Yara da Yara [wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=90&contentid=P02107
14. Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center [Intanet]. Rochester (NY): Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center; c2018. Encyclopedia na Lafiya: Matsalolin hangen nesa [wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=90&contentid=P02308
15. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Bayanin Kiwon Lafiya: Gwajin hangen nesa: Yadda Ake Yin sa [updated 2017 Dec 3; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 5]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#aa24248
16. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Bayanin Kiwon Lafiya: Gwajin hangen nesa: Yadda Ake Shirya [sabuntawa 2017 Dec 3; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#aa24246
17. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Bayanin Kiwon Lafiya: Gwajin Gani: Sakamako [an sabunta 2017 Dec 3; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 8]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#aa24286
18. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Bayanin kiwon lafiya: Gwajin hangen nesa: Gwajin gwaji [sabunta 2017 Dec 3; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#hw235696
19. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2018. Bayanin Kiwon Lafiya: Gwajin hangen nesa: Me yasa aka yi shi [sabunta 2017 Dec 3; wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/vision-tests/hw235693.html#hw235712
20. Ganin hangen nesa [Intanet]. Makafin Makafi na Amurkawa; c2018. Bambanci Tsakanin Nuna Ganin Ilimin Gwaji da Ingantaccen Ido [wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: http://www.visionaware.org/info/your-eye-condition/eye-health/eye-examination/125
21. Ganin hangen nesa [Intanet]. Makafin Makafi na Amurkawa; c2018. Daban-daban Na Masu Kula da Ido [wanda aka ambata 2018 Oct 5]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: http://www.visionaware.org/info/your-eye-condition/eye-health/types-of-eye-care-professionals-5981/125#Ophthalmology_Ophthalmologists

Ba za a yi amfani da bayanan da ke wannan rukunin yanar gizon a madadin madadin ƙwararrun likitocin ko shawara ba. Tuntuɓi mai ba da kiwon lafiya idan kuna da tambayoyi game da lafiyarku.