Cutar kabari

Cututtukan kabari cuta ce ta autoimmune wanda ke haifar da glandar thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Rashin lafiyar jiki wani yanayi ne da ke faruwa yayin da tsarin garkuwar jiki ya kuskuren kai wa ƙoshin lafiya.

Glandar thyroid shine muhimmin sashin tsarin endocrine. Gland shine yake a gaban wuyan sama a inda ƙashin ƙugu yake haɗuwa. Wannan gland din yana sakin sinadarin thyroxine (T4) da triiodothyronine (T3), wanda ke kula da tsarin jiki. Sarrafa kumburi yana da mahimmanci don daidaita yanayi, nauyi, da matakan ƙarfin tunani da na jiki.

Lokacin da jiki yayi yawa na maganin thyroid, ana kiran wannan yanayin hyperthyroidism. (Cutar da ba ta aiki ba ta haifar da hypothyroidism.)

Cututtukan kabari shine mafi yawan sanadin hyperthyroidism. Hakan ya faru ne saboda mummunan tsarin garkuwar jiki wanda ke haifar da glandar thyroid don samar da hormone mai yawan gaske. Cutar kaburbura ta fi zama ruwan dare ga mata sama da shekaru 20. Amma cutar na iya faruwa a kowane zamani kuma zai iya shafar maza ma.

Erananan yara na iya samun waɗannan alamun bayyanar:

• Tashin hankali ko juyayi, da matsalolin bacci
• Enara girman nono a cikin maza (zai yiwu)
• Matsalolin tattara hankali
• Gajiya
• Yawaitar hanji
• Rashin gashi
• Rashin haƙuri da zafi da ƙara gumi
• Appetara yawan ci, duk da ciwon nauyi
• Halin al'ada ba na al'ada ba ga mata
• Raunin tsoka na kwatangwalo da kafaɗa
• Rashin hankali, gami da nuna haushi da fushi
• Palpitations (ji na karfi ko sabon abu bugun zuciya)
  
• Bugun zuciya ko mara kyau
• Breatharancin numfashi tare da aiki
• Rawan jiki (ƙyamar hannaye)

Mutane da yawa da ke fama da cutar kabari suna da matsaloli a idanunsu:

• Ballwallan idanun na iya yin waje kamar kuma suna iya yin zafi.
• Idanu na iya jin haushi, ƙaiƙayi ko yawan yagewa.
• Hangen nesa biyu na iya kasancewa.
• Ragowar hangen nesa da lalacewar gawar ga kuma na iya faruwa a cikin mawuyacin hali.

Tsoffin mutane na iya samun waɗannan alamun:

• Bugun zuciya ko mara kyau
• Ciwon kirji
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko rage natsuwa
• Rauni da gajiya

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma yana iya gano cewa kuna da ƙarfin bugun zuciya. Binciken wuyan ku na iya gano cewa glandar ku ta faɗaɗa (goiter).

Sauran gwaje-gwaje sun haɗa da:

• Gwajin jini don auna matakan TSH, T3, da T4 kyauta
• Rediyon iodine mai tasirin iska da sikanin

Wannan cutar na iya shafar sakamakon gwajin na gaba:

• Kewaya CT scan ko duban dan tayi
• Thyroid mai motsawa immunoglobulin (TSI)
• Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody
• Anti-TSH mai karɓar ƙwayar cuta (TRAb)

Ana amfani da jiyya don sarrafa maganin ka na thyroid. Magunguna da ake kira beta-blockers ana amfani dasu sau da yawa don magance alamun saurin zuciya, gumi, da damuwa har sai an shawo kan cutar ta hyperthyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism yana bi da ɗaya ko fiye na masu zuwa:

• Magungunan Antithyroid na iya toshewa ko canza yadda glandar thyroid ke amfani da iodine. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan don sarrafa yawan glandar thyroid kafin aikin tiyata ko maganin radioiodine ko azaman magani na dogon lokaci.
• Radioiodine far wanda ake bayar da iodine a baki ta baki. Daga nan sai ya tattara hankalin sa a cikin aiki da yake haifar da lalacewa.
• Za a iya yin aikin tiyata don cire maganin kawan.

Idan kun sha maganin iodine na rediyo ko tiyata, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar homonin maye gurbin sauran rayuwarku. Wannan saboda wadannan magungunan suna lalata ko cire gland din.

MAGANIN IDANU

Wasu daga cikin matsalolin ido masu alaƙa da cutar ta Graves galibi suna haɓaka bayan jiyya da magunguna, radiation, ko kuma tiyata don magance ƙwayar ka mai ƙin jini. Maganin radioiodine na iya sanya matsalar ido wani lokaci muni. Matsalar ido ta fi muni a cikin mutanen da ke shan sigari, ko da bayan an magance hyperthyroidism.

Wasu lokuta, ana buƙatar prednisone (maganin steroid wanda ke hana tsarin rigakafi) don rage fushin ido da kumburi.

Kila buƙatar buƙatar idanunku a rufe a cikin dare don hana bushewa. Tabarau da digon ido na iya rage fushin ido. A wasu lokuta ma ba kasafai ake samun ba, ana bukatar tiyata ko kuma maganin fida (wanda ya bambanta da iodine na rediyoaktif) don hana ci gaba da lalacewar ido da rashin gani.

Cututtukan kaburbura sukan amsa da kyau ga magani. Yin aikin tiyata ko maganin iodine na radiyo sau da yawa yakan haifar da cutar thyroid (hypothyroidism). Ba tare da samun madaidaicin sashi na maye gurbin hormone ba, hypothyroidism na iya haifar da:

• Bacin rai
• Ragowar hankali da na jiki
• Karuwar nauyi
• Fata mai bushewa
• Maƙarƙashiya
• Rashin haƙuri mara sanyi
• Ba al'ada ba lokacin al'ada ga mata

Kirawo mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da alamun cutar Graves. Har ila yau kira idan matsalolin idanun ku ko wasu alamomin sun tsananta ko kuma basu inganta da magani.

Je zuwa dakin gaggawa ko kira lambar gaggawa na cikin gida (kamar su 911) idan kuna da alamun cutar hyperthyroidism tare da:

• Rage hankali
• Zazzaɓi
• Rapid, bugun zuciya mara tsari
• Kwatsam numfashi

Yar da maganin kawancin ka; Hyperthyroidism - Kaburbura; Thyrotoxicosis - Kaburbura; Exophthalmos - Kaburbura; Ciwon ido - Kaburbura; Exophthalmia - Kaburbura; Exorbitism - Kaburbura

• Endocrine gland
• Ci gaban thyroid - scintiscan
• Cutar kabari
• Glandar thyroid

Hollenberg A, Wiersinga WM. Rashin lafiyar Hyperthyroid A cikin: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Golfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Littafin Williams na Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 12.

Jonklaas J, Cooper DS. Thyroid. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 213.

Marcdante KJ, Kleigman RM. Ciwon thyroid. A cikin: Marcdante KJ, Kliegman RM, eds. Nelson Mahimman Bayanan Ilimin Yara. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2019: babi na 175.

Marino M, Vitti P, Chiovato L. cutar Graves. A cikin: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Manya da Yara. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 82.

Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. Sharuɗɗan Tungiyar Thyroid ta Amurka ta 2016 don bincikowa da gudanar da cutar hyperthyroidism da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016; 26 (10): 1343-1421. PMID: 27521067 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27521067/.