Dasa kayan huhu

Dasawa ta huhu tiyata ce don maye gurbin huhu ɗaya ko duka huhu tare da huhu mai lafiya daga mai bayarwa na ɗan adam.

A mafi yawan lokuta, sabon huhu ko huhu ana bayarwa ta mutumin da shekarunsa basu wuce 65 ba kuma kwakwalwa ta mutu, amma har yanzu yana kan tallafi na rayuwa. Lallai huhunan mai bayarwa dole ne ya zama ba shi da cuta kuma ya yi daidai da yadda ya kamata. Wannan yana rage damar da jiki zai ƙi dashi.

Hakanan ana iya bayar da huhu ta hanyar masu bayarwa masu rai. Ana buƙatar mutane biyu ko sama da haka. Kowane mutum yana ba da gudummawar yanki (huhu) na huhu. Wannan yana samar da huhu gaba ɗaya ga mutumin da yake karɓar sa.

Yayin aikin tiyata na huhu, kuna barci kuma ba ku da ciwo (a ƙarƙashin ƙwayar rigakafi). Ana yin yankan tiyata a kirji. Yin aikin dasawa na huhu galibi ana yin shi tare da amfani da inji-huhun zuciya. Wannan na'urar tana aikin zuciyarka da huhunka yayin da zuciyarka da huhunka suka tsaya don aikin.

• Don dashen huhu guda daya, ana yin yankan a gefen kirjinka inda za'a dasa huhun. Yin aikin yana ɗaukar awanni 4 zuwa 8. A mafi yawan lokuta, ana cire huhun da ke da mummunan aiki.
• Don dashen huhu sau biyu, yankan an yi kasan kirjin kuma ya kai ga bangarorin biyu na kirjin. Yin aikin yana ɗaukar awa 6 zuwa 12.

Bayan yanke, manyan matakai yayin aikin tiyata na huhu sun haɗa da:

• An sanya ku a kan na'urar huhun zuciya.
• An cire huhu ɗaya ko duka biyu. Ga mutanen da ke yin dashen huhu sau biyu, yawancin ko dukkan matakan daga gefen farko an kammala su kafin a yi gefen na biyu.
• Manyan jijiyoyin jini da kuma hanyar iska ta sabon huhun an ɗinke su zuwa hanyoyin jinin ku da kuma hanyar iska. Stungiyar mai bayarwa ko huhu an dinka (sutured) cikin wuri. Ana saka bututun kirji don shayar da iska, ruwa, da jini daga kirji na wasu kwanaki don bawa huhu damar sake fadada gaba daya.
• An cire ku daga cikin huhun zuciya-huhu da zarar huhu ya huɗa kuma yana aiki.

Wani lokaci, ana yin dashen zuciya da huhu a lokaci guda (dashen-huhun dashe) idan zuciyar ma ta kasance mara lafiya.

A mafi yawan lokuta, ana yin dashen huhu ne kawai bayan duk sauran jinyar rashin nasarar huhun ba su yi nasara ba. Ana iya ba da shawarar dashen huhu ga mutanen da shekarunsu ba su kai 65 ba waɗanda ke da cutar huhu mai tsanani. Wasu misalan cututtukan da ke iya buƙatar dashen huhu sune:

• Cystic fibrosis
• Lalacewa ga jijiyoyin huhu saboda lahani a cikin zuciya yayin haihuwa (nakasar haihuwa)
• Lalacewa da manyan hanyoyin iska da huhu (bronchiectasis)
• Emphysema ko cututtukan huhu na huhu (COPD)
• Yanayin huhu wanda huhun huhu ya kumbura kuma yayi rauni (cutar huhu ta tsakiya)
• Hawan jini a jijiyoyin huhu (hauhawar jini)
• Sarcoidosis

Ba za a iya yin dashen huhu ba ga mutanen da suka:

• Ba ku da lafiya sosai ko kuma ba su da abinci mai yawa don tafiya cikin aikin
• Ci gaba da shan sigari ko shan giya ko wasu ƙwayoyi
• Samun ciwon hepatitis B mai aiki, hepatitis C, ko HIV
• Kuna da ciwon daji a cikin shekaru 2 da suka gabata
• Samun cutar huhu wanda wataƙila zai iya shafar sabon huhun
• Yi cuta mai tsanani na wasu gabobin
• Ba za a iya dogara da shan magungunan su ba
• Ba za su iya ci gaba da zuwa asibiti da ziyarar kiwon lafiya da gwaje-gwajen da ake buƙata ba

Haɗarin cutar huhu sun haɗa da:

• Cloullen jini (thrombosis mai zurfin jini).
• Ciwan suga, rage ƙashi, ko kuma yawan ƙwayar cholesterol daga magungunan da ake bayarwa bayan dasawa.
• Riskarin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta saboda magungunan ƙin yarda (immunosuppression) magunguna.
• Lalacewa ga ƙoda, hanta, ko wasu gabobin daga magungunan anti-kin amincewa
• Rashin haɗarin wasu cututtukan daji na gaba.
• Matsaloli a wurin da aka haɗa sabbin hanyoyin jini da hanyoyin iska.
• Kin amincewa da sabon huhu, wanda ka iya faruwa nan da nan, tsakanin makonni 4 zuwa 6 na farko, ko kan lokaci.
• Sabon huhun bazai yi aiki ba kwata-kwata.

Kuna da waɗannan gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa don sanin ko kai ɗan takarar kirki ne na aiki:

• Gwajin jini ko gwajin fata don bincika kamuwa da cuta
• Rubuta jini
• Gwaji don kimanta zuciyar ka, kamar su electrocardiogram (EKG), echocardiogram, ko cardiac catheterization
• Gwaji don kimanta huhunka
• Gwaje-gwaje don neman farkon cutar kansa (Pap smear, mammogram, colonoscopy)
• Rubuta nama, don taimakawa tabbatar jikinka ba zai ƙi huhun da aka ba da gudummawar ba

'Yan takara masu kyau don dasawa ana sanya su cikin jerin jiran yanki. Matsayinku akan jerin jirage ya dogara da dalilai da yawa, gami da:

• Wani irin matsalolin huhu kuke da shi
• Tsananin cutar huhu
• Da alama cewa dasawa zai yi nasara

Ga galibin manya, yawan lokacin da zaka bata cikin jerin jirage yawanci baya yanke shawarar yaushe zaka sami huhu. Jira lokaci yakan zama aƙalla shekaru 2 zuwa 3.

Yayinda kuke jiran sabon huhu:

• Bi kowane irin abincin da ƙungiyarku ta huhu ta ba da shawarar. Dakatar da shan giya, kada ka sha taba, kuma ajiye nauyin ka a cikin zangon da aka bada shawara.
• Allauki dukkan magunguna kamar yadda aka tsara su. Yi rahoton canje-canje a cikin magunguna da matsalolin likita waɗanda sababbi ne ko kuma suka munana ga ƙungiyar dasawa.
• Bi kowane shirin motsa jiki wanda aka koya muku yayin gyaran huhu.
• Ci gaba da kowane alƙawarin da kuka ɗauka tare da mai ba ku kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun da ƙungiyar dasawa.
• Bari ƙungiyar dashi su san yadda zasu tuntuɓe ku kai tsaye idan huhu ya samu. Tabbatar cewa ana iya tuntuɓarku da sauri da sauƙi.
• Yi shiri tukunna don zuwa asibiti.

Kafin aikin, koyaushe gaya wa mai ba ka:

• Waɗanne ƙwayoyi, bitamin, ganye, da sauran abubuwan ƙarin da kuke sha, har ma waɗanda kuka siya ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba
• Idan kuna yawan shan giya (fiye da ɗaya ko biyu a rana)

Kada ku ci ko sha komai yayin da aka ce ku zo asibiti don dashen huhunku. Onlyauki magungunan da aka ce ka sha tare da ɗan shan ruwa kaɗan.

Ya kamata kuyi tsammanin kasancewa a asibiti na kwana 7 zuwa 21 bayan dashen huhu. Wataƙila zaku ɗauki lokaci a cikin sashin kulawa mai ƙarfi (ICU) daidai bayan tiyata. Yawancin cibiyoyin da ke yin dashen huhu suna da daidaitattun hanyoyin kula da kula da marasa lafiyar dashen huhu.

Lokacin dawowa yana kimanin watanni 6. Sau da yawa, ƙungiyar dashen ku za su nemi ku zauna kusa da asibiti don watanni 3 na farko. Kuna buƙatar yin bincike na yau da kullun tare da gwajin jini da x-ray tsawon shekaru.

Dashen huhu babbar hanya ce da ake yi wa mutanen da ke da cutar huhu mai barazanar rai ko lalacewa.

Kimanin hudu daga cikin marasa lafiya biyar suna da rai shekara 1 bayan dasawar. Kimanin mutane biyu daga cikin biyar masu karɓar dashen suna raye a cikin shekaru 5. Haɗarin haɗarin mutuwa shine lokacin farkon shekara, galibi daga matsaloli kamar ƙin yarda.

Yaki kin amincewa abu ne mai gudana. Tsarin garkuwar jiki yana ɗaukar ɓangaren da aka dasa a matsayin mai mamayewa kuma yana iya kai masa hari.

Don hana ƙin yarda, dole ne marasa lafiya su dasa kayan maye su sha magungunan kin jinin jiki. Wadannan kwayoyi suna danne karfin garkuwar jiki kuma suna rage damar kin amincewa. A sakamakon haka, duk da haka, waɗannan kwayoyi kuma suna rage ikon halittar jiki don yaƙar cututtuka.

Shekaru 5 bayan dasawar huhu, aƙalla mutum ɗaya cikin biyar na kamuwa da cutar kansa ko kuma suna da matsaloli a zuciya. Ga mafi yawan mutane, ana inganta ingancin rayuwa bayan dashen huhun. Sun fi ƙarfin jimrewa kuma suna iya yin ƙari a kowace rana.

Dasa kayan aiki mai karfi - huhu

• Dasa kayan huhu - jerin

Blatter JA, Noyes B, Mai dadi SC. Dashen huhun yara. A cikin: Wilmott RW, Deterding R, Li A, et al. eds. Rashin lafiyar Kendig na Raunin Numfashi a cikin Yara. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 67.

Brown LM, Puri V, Patterson GA. Dasawa ta huhu. A cikin: Sellke FW, del Nido PJ, Swanson SJ, eds. Sabiston da Spencer Tiyata na Kirji. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 14.

Chandrashekaran S, Emtiazjoo A, Salgado JC. Kulawa mai kulawa mai karfi na marasa lafiyar dashen huhu. A cikin: Vincent JL, Abraham E, Moore FA, Kochanek PM, Fink MP, eds. Littafin rubutu na Kulawa mai mahimmanci. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 158.

Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF. Yarinyar yara da dashen zuciya-huhu. A cikin: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 443.

Kotloff RM, Keshavjee S. Tsarin huhu. A cikin: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Littafin Murray & Nadel na Magungunan numfashi. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi 106.