Mawallafi: John Stephens
Ranar Halitta: 25 Janairu 2021
Sabuntawa: 20 Nuwamba 2024
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Migraine yanayin rashin lafiya ne wanda ke shafar kusan mutane miliyan 40 a Amurka.

Hare-haren na ƙaura yakan faru ne a gefe ɗaya na kai. Wataƙila wasu lokuta suna gabansu ko haɗuwa da rikicewar gani ko azanci da aka sani da aura.

Sauran alamun, kamar tashin zuciya, amai, da ƙwarewar haske, suma na iya kasancewa yayin harin ƙaura.

Duk da yake ba a san ainihin abin da ke haifar da ƙaura ba, an yi imanin cewa duka abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli da kwayar halitta suna taka rawa a cikin yanayin. A ƙasa, zamu yi la'akari da alaƙa tsakanin ƙaura da ƙwayoyin halitta.

Shin migraine na iya zama kwayar halitta?

DNA din ku, wanda ya kunshi kwayar halittar ku, an saka shi cikin nau'i-nau'i 23 na chromosomes. Kuna gaji saitin chromosomes daya daga mahaifiyarku ɗayan kuma daga mahaifinku.


Kwayar halitta wani sashi ne na DNA wanda ke ba da bayani kan yadda ake halittar sunadarai daban-daban a jikin ku.

Wasu lokuta kwayoyin halitta na iya yin canje-canje, kuma waɗannan canje-canjen na iya haifar ko ƙaddara mutum zuwa wani yanayin lafiya. Wadannan canjin canjin na iya yaduwa daga iyaye zuwa yaro.

Canjin yanayi ko bambance-bambancen halitta an danganta shi da ƙaura. A zahiri, an kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar ƙaura suna da aƙalla wani dan uwa wanda shima yana da yanayin.

Menene binciken ya ce?

Bari muyi zurfin zurfafawa cikin abin da masu bincike ke koyo game da kwayoyin halittar jini da na ƙaura.

Canjin yanayin da ke hade da migraine

Wataƙila kun taɓa jin labarin wasu bincike a cikin labarai game da maye gurbi da ke da nasaba da ƙaura. Wasu misalai sun haɗa da:

  • KCNK18. Wannan kwayar halittar tana sanya wani furotin da ake kira TRESK, wanda ke da alaƙa da hanyoyin ciwo kuma ana samun sa a cikin jijiyoyin da suka shafi ƙaura. Wani takamaiman maye gurbi a cikin KCNK18 ya kasance yana da alaƙa da ƙaura tare da aura.
  • CKIdelta. Wannan kwayar halitta tana sanya enzyme wanda ke da ayyuka da yawa a cikin jiki, ɗayan wanda ke haɗuwa da zagayowar lokacin bacci. Dangane da binciken 2013, takamaiman maye gurbi a cikin CKIdelta an hade da ƙaura.

Bambancin jinsin da ke hade da ƙaura

Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa yawancin hare-haren ƙaura ana zaton polygenic ne. Wannan yana nufin cewa kwayoyin da yawa suna taimakawa ga yanayin. Wannan ya bayyana ne saboda ƙananan bambancin kwayoyin da ake kira single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).


Nazarin kwayar halitta ya gano fiye da wurare 40 na kwayoyin halitta tare da bambancin da ke tattare da nau'ikan ƙaura na kowa. Wadannan wurare suna da alaƙa da abubuwa kamar salon salula da sigina ko jijiyoyin jini (aikin jijiyoyin jini).

Kai kadai, waɗannan bambancin na iya samun sakamako kaɗan. Koyaya, idan yawancin su suka taru, zai iya taimakawa ga ci gaban ƙaura.

Nazarin 2018 na iyalai 1,589 tare da migraine ya sami karuwar "lodi" na waɗannan bambancin kwayoyin idan aka kwatanta da yawan jama'a.

Abubuwa daban-daban na kwayoyin halitta suma suna bayyana don tantance takamaiman siffofin ƙaura. Samun cikakken tarihin iyali na ƙaura na iya ƙara haɗarin samun ku:

  • ƙaura tare da aura
  • yawan kai hare-hare na ƙaura
  • shekarun da suka gabata na farkon ƙaura
  • daysarin kwanaki lokacin da dole ne ku yi amfani da maganin ƙaura

Shin wasu nau'ikan cutar ƙaura suna da haɗin haɗin ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da wasu?

Wasu nau'ikan cutar ƙaura suna da sanannen haɗakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Misali na wannan shine ƙaura mai saurin ƙazamar iyali (FHM). Saboda wannan sananniyar ƙungiyar, FHM an yi nazari mai zurfi dangane da jinsin ƙaura.


FHM wani nau'i ne na ƙaura tare da aura wanda yawanci yana da farkon shekarun farawa fiye da sauran nau'ikan ƙaura. Tare da sauran cututtukan aura na yau da kullun, mutanen da ke tare da FHM suna da suma ko rauni a gefe ɗaya na jiki.

Akwai kwayoyin halittu daban daban guda uku wadanda aka san suna da alaƙa da FHM. Sune:

  • CACNA1A
  • ATP1A2
  • SCN1A

Canjin yanayi a ɗayan waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta na iya shafar sigina na jijiyar jiki, wanda zai iya haifar da harin ƙaura.

An gaji FHM a cikin hanyar mamaye ta atomatik. Wannan yana nufin kuna buƙatar kwafin kwaya daya na maye gurbin mutum don samun yanayin.

Ta yaya samun hanyar haɗin kwayar halitta zuwa ƙaura zai taimake ku?

Zai iya zama abin ƙyama ne, amma samun nasaba da ƙwayoyin cuta zuwa ƙaura na iya zama da amfani. Wannan saboda za ku iya karɓar bayanai masu mahimmanci da tallafi daga danginku waɗanda suka fahimci yanayin.

Bayani daga dangin ku wanda zai iya taimaka wa kwarewar ku ta ƙaura ya haɗa da:

  • menene abubuwan da ke haifar musu da ƙaura
  • takamaiman alamun da suke fuskanta
  • jiyya ko magunguna waɗanda ke taimakawa yadda ya kamata don magance alamun su na ƙaura
  • ko hare-haren su na ƙaura ya canza cikin mita, ƙarfi, ko a wasu hanyoyin cikin rayuwarsu
  • shekarun da suka fara fuskantar matsalar ƙaura

Yaushe ake ganin likita

Idan kana da alamun da suka dace da ƙaura, yi alƙawari tare da likitanka. Kwayar cutar ta Migraine ta hada da:

  • bugun jini ko bugawa, sau da yawa a gefe ɗaya na kanku
  • tashin zuciya da amai
  • hasken hankali
  • sauti ji na ƙwarai
  • bayyanar cututtukan aura, wanda na iya yin rigakafin ƙaura kuma zai iya haɗawa da:
    • ganin haske mai walƙiya
    • wahalar magana
    • jin rauni ko rauni a gefe ɗaya na fuskarka ko a gaɓa

Wani lokaci ciwon kai na iya zama wata alama ta gaggawa ta gaggawa. Samun likita nan da nan don ciwon kai cewa:

  • ya zo ba zato ba tsammani kuma yana da tsanani
  • yana faruwa bayan raunin rauni a kanka
  • yana faruwa tare da bayyanar cututtuka kamar wuya mai wuya, rikicewa, ko suma
  • yana daɗewa kuma yana daɗa lalacewa bayan yin ƙoƙari sosai

Menene zaɓuɓɓukan magani na yau da kullun?

Sau da yawa ana amfani da ƙwayar cuta tare da magunguna. Akwai magunguna biyu na ƙaura:

  • waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe bayyanar cututtukan ƙaura
  • wadanda ke taimakawa wajen hana afkuwar matsalar kaurar bakin haure

Hakanan akwai wasu hanyoyin haɗin kai waɗanda na iya zama masu tasiri. Zamu bincika kowane nau'i na jiyya dalla-dalla a ƙasa.

Magunguna don alamun cutar ƙaura mai saurin gaske

Kullum kuna shan waɗannan magunguna da zaran kun fara jin alamun alamun aura ko ƙaura ta ƙaura. Misalan sun hada da:

  • Magungunan ciwon kan-kan-counter Wadannan sun hada da NSAIDs kamar ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), da asfirin. Hakanan ana iya amfani da Acetaminophen (Tylenol).
  • Masu fassara. Akwai nau'ikan girman kai da yawa. Wadannan kwayoyi suna taimakawa wajen toshe kumburi da toshe magudanar jini, suna rage zafi. Wasu misalai sun haɗa da sumatriptan (Imitrex), eletriptan (Relpax), da rizatriptan (Maxalt).
  • Ergot alkaloids. Wadannan kwayoyi suna aiki kamar yadda yakamata suyi nasara. Ana iya ba su idan magani tare da marasa nasara ba shi da tasiri. Misali daya shine dihydroergotamine (Migranal).
  • Masu murna. Wannan sabon tasirin maganin ƙaura yana tofar da peptide wanda ke sasanta kumburi.
  • Ditawa Wani dangi mai dauke da magungunan ceto, ditans yayi kama da marasa galihu amma ana iya amfani dasu a cikin mutane masu tarihin bugun zuciya da shanyewar jiki, saboda masu tayar da kayar baya na iya ƙara haɗarin matsalolin zuciya.

Magunguna waɗanda ke hana hare-haren ƙaura

Likitanku na iya ba da umarnin ɗayan waɗannan magunguna idan kuna da haɗari ko saurin ƙaura. Wasu misalai sune:

  • Anticonvulsants. Wadannan magunguna an fara kirkiresu ne don taimakawa wajen magance kamuwa da cuta. Misalan sun hada da Topiramate foda (Topamax) da valproate.
  • Magungunan hawan jini. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da ko dai masu hana beta-beta ko masu toshe tashar calcium.
  • Magungunan Magungunan Magunguna. Amitriptyline, mai tricyclic antidepressant, ana iya amfani dashi.
  • Masu hana CGRP. Waɗannan sune sabon nau'in magani da ake bayarwa ta hanyar allura. Magunguna ne waɗanda ke ɗaure ga mai karɓa a cikin kwakwalwa wanda ke inganta haɓaka (faɗaɗa jijiyoyin jini).
  • Allurar Botox. Karɓar allurar Botox kowane mako 12 na iya taimakawa hana hare-haren ƙaura a cikin wasu manya.

Magungunan haɗin kai

Hakanan akwai wasu magungunan haɗin kai waɗanda zasu iya zama masu tasiri ga ƙaura, kamar:

  • Hanyoyin shakatawa. Damuwa ita ce sanadin ƙaura ta ƙaura. Hanyoyin shakatawa zasu iya taimaka maka kiyaye matakan damuwarka cikin dubawa. Misalan sun hada da yoga, zuzzurfan tunani, motsa jiki, da shakatawa na tsoka.
  • Acupuncture. Acupuncture ya haɗa da shigar da ƙananan allura a cikin matse matsa lamba akan fata. Ana tunanin wannan don taimakawa dawo da kwararar kuzari a cikin jiki. Zai iya zama taimako tare da sauƙaƙe ciwon ƙaura.
  • Ganye, bitamin, da kuma ma'adanai. Wasu ganye da kari na iya taimakawa tare da alamun ƙaura. Fewan misalai sun haɗa da butterbur, magnesium, da bitamin B-2.

Layin kasa

Kodayake masu bincike sun gano abubuwan da ke iya haifar da ƙaura, har yanzu da yawa abin da ba a sani ba.

Koyaya, daga binciken da aka yi, da alama hadadden haɗuwa da abubuwan da ke tattare da muhalli da ƙwayoyin halitta ne ke haifar da wannan yanayin.

Maye gurbi a cikin takamaiman kwayoyin halitta suna hade da wasu nau'ikan cutar kaura, kamar yadda yake a yanayin cutar dangin dangin dangin miji. Koyaya, yawancin nau'ikan cutar ƙaura wataƙila polygenic ne, ma'ana bambance-bambancen cikin kwayoyin halitta da yawa na haifar da shi.

Samun tarihin iyali na ƙaura zai iya zama da amfani ta yadda zaku iya samun bayanai masu mahimmanci daga membobin gidan da suka sami irin wannan yanayin. Kuna iya amsawa ga irin wannan jiyya.

Idan kana da alamun cutar ƙaura wacce ke wahalar da kai yau, ka ga likitanka don tattauna hanyoyin magance cutar.

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