Anemia mai ciwo

Anemia wani yanayi ne wanda jiki bashi da isasshen ƙwayoyin jan jini. Kwayoyin jinin ja suna samar da iskar oxygen ga kyallen takarda. Akwai karancin jini da yawa.

Anemia mai rauni shine raguwar ƙwayoyin jinin jini wanda ke faruwa yayin da hanji bazai iya ɗaukar bitamin B12 da kyau ba.

Anemia mai rauni shine nau'in bitamin B12 anemia. Jiki yana buƙatar bitamin B12 don yin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Kuna samun wannan bitamin ne daga cin abinci kamar nama, kaji, kifin kwai, ƙwai, da kayayyakin kiwo.

Wani furotin na musamman, wanda ake kira mahimmin abu (IF), yana ɗaura bitamin B12 domin a shanye shi a cikin hanjin. Kwayoyin cikin ciki suna fitar da wannan furotin. Lokacin da ciki baya yin isasshen mahimmin abu, hanji ba zai iya shan bitamin B12 da kyau ba.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar ƙarancin jini sun haɗa da:

• Rashin rufin ciki mai rauni (atrophic gastritis)
• Yanayin autoimmune wanda tsarin garkuwar jiki yakai hari ga ainihin sinadarin furotin ko kuma kwayoyin halitta a cikin rufin cikinka wanda yayi shi.

A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ake samunsu ba, ana samun cutar karancin jini ta hanyar dangi. Wannan ana kiranta cutar rashin jini mai juna biyu. Jarirai masu wannan nau'in cutar karancin jini ba sa samun isasshen mahimmin abu. Ko ba za su iya shan bitamin B12 da kyau a cikin ƙananan hanji ba.

A cikin manya, ba kasafai ake ganin alamun cutar ƙarancin jini ba sai bayan shekara 30. Matsakaicin shekarun ganowar shi ne shekara 60.

Kila ku kamu da wannan cutar idan kun:

• Shin Scandinavia ko Arewacin Turai
• Yi tarihin iyali na yanayin

Wasu cututtuka na iya haifar da haɗarin ka. Sun hada da:

• Addison cuta
• Cutar kabari
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
• Yankin Myasthenia
• Rashin aiki na yau da kullun na kwayayen mace kafin shekara 40 (gazawar ovarian na farko)
• Rubuta ciwon sukari na 1
• Rashin aikin gwaji
• Vitiligo
• Ciwon Sjögren
• Hashimoto cuta
• Celiac cuta

Hakanan cutar karancin jini na farji na iya faruwa bayan aikin tiyata na ciki.

Wasu mutane ba su da alamun bayyanar. Kwayar cutar na iya zama mai sauƙi.

Suna iya haɗawa da:

• Gudawa ko maƙarƙashiya
• Ciwan
• Amai
• Gajiya, rashin ƙarfi, ko saukin kai yayin tsayawa ko aiki
• Rashin ci
• Fata mai launi (jaundice mai sauki)
• Ofarancin numfashi, galibi yayin motsa jiki
• Bwannafi
• Kumbura, jan harshe ko kuma kumburin jini

Idan kana da matakin ƙarancin bitamin B12 na dogon lokaci, zaka iya samun lalacewar tsarin damuwa. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Rikicewa
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na gajeren lokaci
• Bacin rai
• Rashin daidaituwa
• Nutsuwa da kaɗawa a hannaye da ƙafa
• Matsalolin tattara hankali
• Rashin fushi
• Mafarki
• Yaudara
• Atrophy jijiya na gani

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Binciken ƙashi na ƙashi (kawai ana buƙatar idan ganewar asali bai tabbata ba)
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Icididdigar Reticulocyte
• LDH matakin
• Jini bilirubin
• Methylmalonic acid (MMA) matakin
• Matakan Homocysteine ​​(amino acid da ke cikin jini)
• Vitamin B12 matakin
• Matakan rigakafi akan IF ko ƙwayoyin da ke yin IF

Manufar magani shine a kara matakin bitamin B12 naka:

• Jiyya ya ƙunshi harbi na bitamin B12 sau ɗaya a wata. Mutanen da ke da ƙananan matakan B12 na iya buƙatar ƙarin harbi a farkon.
• Wasu mutane na iya samun cikakkiyar kulawa ta shan manyan ƙwayoyin bitamin B12 kari ta baki.
• Ana iya ba da wani nau'in bitamin B12 ta hanci.

Yawancin mutane galibi suna yin kyau tare da magani.

Yana da mahimmanci a fara magani da wuri. Lalacewar jijiya na iya zama na dindindin idan ba a fara magani tsakanin watanni 6 na alamun ba.

Mutanen da ke fama da cutar ƙarancin jini na jini na iya samun polyps na ciki. Hakanan suna iya kamuwa da cutar kansa da ciwan ciki.

Mutanen da ke fama da cutar karancin jini suna iya samun karaya ta baya, ta kafa ta sama, da kuma ta gaban goshin mutum.

Matsalar kwakwalwa da na juyayi na iya ci gaba ko kuma su dore idan an jinkirta jiyya.

Matar da ke da ƙarancin matakin B12 na iya samun tabbataccen ƙarƙwarawar ɗaukar jini. Wannan saboda rashin bitamin B12 yana shafar yadda wasu ƙwayoyin cuta (epithelial cells) suke a cikin mahaifa.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da alamun rashin lafiyar bitamin B12.

Babu wata hanyar da aka sani don hana wannan nau'in bitamin B12 anemia. Koyaya, ganowa da wuri da magani na iya taimakawa rage rikitarwa.

Macrocytic achylic anemia; Anaemia mai lalacewa mai lalacewa; Yaran yara masu cutar anemi; Vitamin B12 rashi (malabsorption); Anemia - mahimmin abu; Anemi - IF; Anemia - atrophic ciki; Biermer anemia; Addison anemia

• Megaloblastic anemia - duba jinin jan jini

Antony AC. Megaloblastic anemias. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 39.

Anusha V. Ciwon karancin jini / karancin jini mai tsananin ƙarfi. A cikin: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. Conn's Far Far na yanzu 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 446-448.

Elghetany MT, Schexneider KI, Banki K. Rashin lafiyar Erythrocytic. A cikin: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Hanyoyin Laboratory. 23 ga ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 32.

Yana nufin RT. Kusanci da anemias. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 149.